Autoestima y comunicación familiar como predictores del bienestar psicológico en mujeres peruanas

Elizabeth  Apaza-Pari; Josué Edison  Turpo Chaparro; Oscar Javier  Mamani-Benito; Ronald  Castillo-Blanco; Renzo Felipe  Carranza Esteban; Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez

doi:10.18050/psiquemag.v14i1.3261

Autores/as

Elizabeth Apaza-Pari Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9599-3209
Josué Edison Turpo Chaparro Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-6389
Oscar Javier Mamani-Benito Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-2601
Ronald Castillo-Blanco Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2945-3583
Renzo Felipe Carranza Esteban Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4086-4845
Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Científica del Sur, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5349-7570

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18050/psiquemag.v14i1.3261

Palabras clave:

autoestima, comunicación familiar, bienestar psicológico, mujeres

Resumen

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar si la autoestima y la comunicación familiar predicen el bienestar psicológico en mujeres de la ciudad de Juliaca, Perú. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de diseño predictivo y corte transversal. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, con la participación voluntaria de 499 mujeres de 18 a 56 años (M = 35.03, DE = 9.13). Se aplicaron tres instrumentos validados: la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, la Escala de Comunicación Familiar (FCS) y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A). Resultados: El análisis mediante modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) indicó un ajuste aceptable del modelo: χ²(12) = 29.5, p < .001, CFI = .980, RMSEA = .053, SRMR = .030. La autoestima predijo significativamente el bienestar psicológico (β = .78, p < .001), mientras que la comunicación familiar no mostró una relación significativa (β = .05, p = .538). El modelo explicó el 65% de la varianza en el bienestar psicológico. Conclusión: Estos resultados subrayan el papel central de la autoestima en la promoción del bienestar psicológico en mujeres peruanas, lo que sugiere la necesidad de implementar estrategias de intervención dirigidas a fortalecer la autovaloración y la resiliencia emocional en poblaciones vulnerables.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Referencias

Akram, M. (2017). Self-Esteem and Psychological Well-being among Working and Non-working Women.International Journal of Indian Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.25215/0501.077

Arcos-Romero, A., & Calvillo, C. (2023). Sexual Health and Psychological Well-Being of Women: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 11(23), 3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233025

Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038–1059. https://doi. org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511

Barrafrem, K., Tinghög, G., & Västfjäll, D. (2021). Trust in the government increases financial wellbeing and general well-being during COVID-19. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 31, 100514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbef.2021.100514

Bau, N., Khanna, G., Low, C., Shah, M., Sharmin, S., & Voena, A. (2022). Women’s well-being during a pandemic and its containment. Journal of Development Economics, 156, 102839. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102839

Bentler, P. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246.

Blanco Vega, H., Jurado García, P. J., Jiménez Lira, C., Aguirre Vásquez, S. I., Peinado Pérez, J. E., Aguirre Chávez, J. F., Zueck Enríquez, M. D. C., & Blanco Ornelas, J. R. (2022). Influencia de la insatisfacción corporal y la actividad física en el bienestar psicológico de jóvenes mexicanas (Influence of body dissatisfaction and physical activity on the psychological well-being of young Mexican women). Retos, 45(4), 259–267. https:// doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.91097

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. https://doi. org/10.1177/0049124192021002005

Casullo, M. (2022). Evaluación del Bienestar Psicológico en Iberoamérica. Paidos.

Chang, W.-H. (2020). Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic from a gender perspective. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 59(6), 801– 807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2020.09.004

Copez-Lonzoy, A. J. E., Villarreal-Zegarra, D., & PazJesús, Á. (2016). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Comunicación Familiar en estudiantes universitarios / Psychometric Properties of the Family Communication Scale in College Students. Revista Costarricense de Psicología, 35(1), 31–46.

https://doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v35i01.03

D’Addario, M., Zanatta, F., Adorni, R., Greco, A., Fattirolli, F., Franzelli, C., Giannattasio, C., & Steca, P. (2021). Depression symptoms as longitudinal predictors of the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in hypertensive patients. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 16496. https://doi. org/10.1038/s41598-021-96165-2

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899- 2271-7

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/ S15327965PLI1104_01

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne, 49(1), 14–23. https:// doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14

Dionigi, A., Duradoni, M., & Vagnoli, L. (2021). Humor and anxiety: The relationship between the comic styles, worry and general well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 181(December 2020), 111028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111028

Fergus, D., Chen, Y., Chuang, Y., Sandra, A., & Chuang, K . (2024). A cross-sectional analysis of gender and psychological well-being among older Taiwanese adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1392007

Frazier, D. M., & Cowan, R. G. (2020). The Correlation Between Attachment Style, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Well-Being of Fatherless Women Ages 25–55. Adultspan Journal, 19(2), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsp.12096

García, J., Soucase, B., Sellés, P., & Martínez, E. (2013). Rol predictivo del sentido de la vida sobre el bienestar psicológico y diferencias de género. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 16(1), 17–24. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/acp/v16n1/ v16n1a02.pdf

Geçer, E., & Yıldırım, M. (2023). Family Communication and Psychological Distress in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Mediating Role of Coping. Journal of Family Issues, 44(1), 203–219.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211044489

Gilligan, M., Suitor, J., Nam, S., Routh, B., Rurka, M., & Con, G. (2017). Family Networks and Psychological Well-Being in Midlife. Social Sciences, 6(3), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/ socsci6030094

González, M., Landero,R., & Ruiz, M. (2008). Modelo estructural predictor de la salud mental y física en mujeres. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 23(2):101–8. https://www.scielosp.org/ pdf/rpsp/v23n2/05.pdf

Grevenstein, D., Bluemke, M., Chwitzer, J., AguilarRaab, C. (2019). Better family relationships-- higher well-being: The connection between relationship quality and health related resources. Mental Mealth & Prevention, 14, 1-8. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.mph.2019.200160

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (Third edition). SAGE.

Huang, Xc., Zhang, Yn., Wu, Xy. et al. (2023). A cross-sectional study: family communication, anxiety, and depression in adolescents: the mediating role of family violence and problematic internet use. BMC Public Health 23, 1747. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16637-0

Iglesias, E., Roces García, J., Jiménez Arberas, E., & Llosa, J. A. (2022). Difference between Impacts of COVID-19 on Women and Men’s Psychological, Social, Vulnerable Work Situations, and Economic Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8849. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148849

Izydorczyk, B., Kwapniewska, A., Lizinczyk, S., & Sitnik-Warchulska, K. (2018). Psychological Resilience as a Protective Factor for the Body Image in Post-Mastectomy Women with Breast Cancer. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(6):1181. https:// doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061181

Inquilla Mamani, J., Yapuchura Saico, C. R., & Inquilla Arcata, F. (2020). Entre la anomia e inhumanidad: Casos de feminicidios en la región Puno – Perú. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación En Comunicación y Desarrollo, 11(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.33595/2226- 1478.11.2.441

Ji, X. (2023). How Family Environment Influence the Social Role of Female Adolescents. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences,12, 247-253. https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v12i.7648

Kamberi, F., Jaho, J., Mechili, E. A., Sinaj, E., & Skendo, H. (2020). Effect of covid-19 pandemic on mental health among Albanian people residing in the country and abroad – Implications for mental care. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.08.003

KavehFarsani, Z., Kelishadi, R., & Beshlideh, K. (2020). Study of the effect of family communication and function, and satisfaction with body image, on psychological well-being of obese girls: the mediating role of self-esteem and depression. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s13034-020-00345-3

Klainin-Yobas, P., Vongsirimas, N., Ramirez, D., Sarmiento, J., Fernandez, Z. (2021). Evaluating the relationships among stress, resilience and psychological well-being among young adults: a structural equation modelling approach. BMC Nursing, 20, 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912- 021-00645-9

Kuhn, U., Klaas, H. S., Antal, E., Dasoki, N., Lebert, F., Lipps, O., Monsch, G.-A., Refle, J.-E., Ryser, V.-A., Tillmann, R., & Voorpostel, M. (2021). Who is most affected by the Corona crisis? An analysis of changes in stress and well-being in Switzerland. European Societies, 23(sup1), S942–S956. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2020.1839671

Lau, R. W. K. (2019). You Are Not Your PhD:Managing Stress During Doctoral Candidature. In Wellbeing in Doctoral Education (pp. 47–

58). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9302-0_6

Martínez Pajuelo, A. R., Irrazabal Ramos, J. E., & Lazo-Porras, M. (2022). Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptomatology According to Gender in HealthCare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru Shortened Title: “Psychological Impact of the Pandemic on Women.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 11957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph191911957

Matud, M. P., López-Curbelo, M., & Fortes, D. (2019). Gender and Psychological Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3531. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph16193531

McGregor, I., & Little, B. R. (1998). Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: On doing well and being yourself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(2), 494–512. https://doi. org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.494

Muthen, L., & Muthen, B. (2017). MPlus user’ guide (8th ed.). https://www.statmodel.com/ html_ug.shtml

O’Donnell, A. J., Sánchez, B., & Grant, K. E. (2021). Latinx adolescents’ trust in adults: A precursor to psychological well‐being via mentoring relational quality and self‐esteem. Journal of Community Psychology, February, 1–19. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22748

Oh, S.-H., Lee, S. Y., & Han, C. (2021). The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Communication, 36(8), 972– 981. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1724 639

Olson, D., Gorall, D., & Tiesel, J. (2006). FACES IV Package. Administration Manual.

Organización Mundial de la Salud / World Health Organization. (2022). Climate action must include mental health. WHO. https://www.who.int/es/ news/item/03-06-2022-why-mental-health-is-apriority-for-action-on-climate-change

Pari, Y. (2019). Use of smartphones in family relationships of university students of the Nacional del Altiplano University of Puno. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación En Comunicación y Desarrollo, 10(2), 151–159.

https://doi.org/10.33595/2226-1478.10.2.387

Pepping, C. A., O’Donovan, A., & Davis, P. J. (2013). The positive effects of mindfulness on selfesteem. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 376–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2013. 807353

Poudel, A., Gurung, B., & Khanal, G. P. (2020). Perceived social support and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese adolescents: the mediating role of self-esteem. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020- 00409-1

Rehman, A. U., You, X., Wang, Z., & Kong, F. (2021). The link between mindfulness and psychological well-being among university students: The mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem. Current Psychology. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12144-021-02428-6

Reyes, S. E., & Oyola, M. S. (2022). Funcionalidad familiar y conductas de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud. Comuni@ cción: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo, 13(2), 127–137. https://doi. org/10.33595/2226-1478.13.2.687

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/ hardcover/9780691649443/society-and-theadolescent-self-image

Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan : An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–93. https://doi. org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02

Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological Well-Being in Adult Life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721. ep10772395

Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The Structure of Psychological Well-Being Revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719– 727.

Sabik, N. J., Falat, J., & Magagnos, J. (2020). When Self-Worth Depends on Social Media Feedback: Associations with Psychological Well-Being. Sex Roles, 82(7–8), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11199-019-01062-8

Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2016). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (Fourth edition). Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Sezer, Ö., Başoğlu, M. A., & Dağdeviren, H. N. (2022). An examination of cyberchondria’s relationship with trait anxiety and psychological well-being in women of reproductive age: A cross-sectional study. Medicine, 101(46), e31503.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031503

Shon, E. J., & Lee, L. (2024). Structural equation modeling for the effects of family dysfunctions and communication on perceived mental health status among under/graduate students in the US. Plos one, 19(4), e0301914. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0301914

Tabrizi, J.S., Doshmangir, L., Khoshmaram, N., Shakibazadeh, E., Mashhadi, H., & Khabiri, R. (2024). Key factors affecting health promoting behaviors among adolescents: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research 24, 58 https://doi. org/10.1186/s12913-023-10510-x

Tekkas Kerman, K., Albayrak, S., Arkan, G., Ozabrahamyan, S., & Beser, A. (2022). The effect of the COVID-19 social distancing measures on Turkish women’s mental well-being and burnout levels: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(4), 985– 1001. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13009

Thibaut, F. (2017). Anxiety disorders: a review of current literature. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 87–88. https://doi. org/10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.2/fthibaut

Vall-Roqué, H., Andrés, A., & Saldaña, C. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescent and young women. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 110, 110293. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110293

Vargas, K. R., & Callata, Z. E. (2021). La felicidad en tiempos de pandemia y educación virtual: un estudio en universitarios del Altiplano. Comuni@ cción: Revista de Investigación En Comunicación y Desarrollo, 12(2), 111–120. https://doi. org/10.33595/2226-1478.12.2.493

Ventura-León, J., Caycho-Rodriguez, T., BarbozaPalomino, M., & Salas, G. (2018). Evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg en adolescentes Limeños. [Psychometric evidence of Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale in adolescents from Lima.]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 52(1), 44–60. https://journal.sipsych.org/index.php/IJP/ article/view/363

Verleye, H., Lambrechts, F., Voordeckers, W & Umans, I. (2024). Exploring the moderating effect of family communication patterns on the family CEO characteristics – family firm internationalization relationship. European Management Journal. Available online. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2024.10.007

Wong, B. Y.-M., Ho, S. Y., Sit, S. M. M., Gong, W. J., Lai, A. Y. K., Wang, M. P., & Lam, T. H. (2022). Association of family wellbeing with forwarding and verifying COVID-19-related information, and mediation of family communication quality. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.948955

Yan, W., Yang, K., Wang, Q., You, X., & Kong, F. (2020). Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status and Life Satisfaction in Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Social Support. Youth & Society, 0044118X2094134.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X20941344