El padre del bebé prematuro, un recurso importante para su pareja y su propio hijo
Palabras clave:
nacimiento prematuro, padre, Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo NeonataResumen
Hasta hace muy poco, y quizás hasta ahora, casi todas las investigaciones sobre los recién nacidos prematuros y sus padres se concentraban en el niño o el binomio madre niño, mientras que los padres son objeto de atención solo en pocos estudios. En este artículo, después de una breve introducción sobre los nacimientos prematuros y su impacto en los padres, se expondrán los resultados principales de estos estudios que han tenido como objeto de investigación solo al padre. Los resultados concuerdan en señalar que, en la situación de un nacimiento prematuro que requiere una hospitalización en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN), los padres juegan un papel fundamental tanto en el apoyo de su pareja como en la relación madre hijo, favoreciendo un sano desarrollo neuropsicológico del bebé. Por tanto, es necesario estructurar los programas de apoyo dirigidos específicamente a los padres de bebés prematuros.
Citas
Ammaniti, M., Baumgartner, E., Candelori, C., Perucchini, P., Pola, M., Tambelli, R., et al. (1992). Representations and narratives during pregnancy. Infant Mental Health Journal, 13(2), 167-182.
Ammaniti, M., Tambelli, R. y Odorisio, F. (2006). Intervista clinica per lo studio delle rappresentazioni paterne in gravidanza: IRPAG. Età Evolutiva, 85, 30-40.
Arockiasamy, V., Holsti, L. y Albersheim, S. (2008). Fathers’ experiences in the neonatal intensive care unit: A search for control. Pediatrics, 121(2), 215-222.
Baldoni, F., Facondini, E., Minghetti, M., Romeo, N., Landini, A. y Crittenden, P. (2010). Attachment relationships and psychosomatic development of the child in families with a preterm baby. A study in DMM perspective. Presentazione alla 2nd Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Attachment (IASA), 9-10.
Bilszta, J., Tang, M., Meyer, D., Milgrom, J., Ericksen, J. y Buist, A. (2008). Single motherhood versus poor partner relationship: outcomes for antenatal mental health. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 56-65.
Blencowe, H., Cousens, S., Oestergaard, M., Chou, D., Moller, A., Narwal, R., et al. (2012). National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. The Lancet, 379, 2162-2172.
Doyle, L. y Anderson, P. (2010). Adult outcome of extremely preterm infants. Pediatrics, 126, 342-351.
Fava, G. (2010). Quando nasce un bambino premature. In Righetti, P. (ed.), Gravisanza e contesti psicopatologici (pp. 164-186). Milano: Franco Angeli.
Fegran, L., Helseth, S. y Fagermoen, M. (2008). A comparison of mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of the attachment process in a neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 810-816.
Feldman, R. (2007). Parent infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing: physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 329-354.
Franck, L. y Axelin, A. (2013). Differences in parents’, nurses’ and physicians’ views of NICU parent support. Acta Paediatrica, 102, 590-596.
Goldberg, S. y Di Vitto, B. (2002). Parenting children born preterm. In Bornstein, M. (ed.), Handbook of parenting, vol. 1. Children and parenting (pp. 209-231). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hugill, K., Letherby, G., Reid, T. y Lavender, T. (2013). Experiences of fathers shortly after the birth of their preterm infants. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 42, 655-663.
Jiang, S., Warre, R., Qiu, X., O’Brien, K. y Lee, S. (2014). Parents as practitioners in preterm care. Early Human Development, 90, 781-785.
Johnson, S., Fawke, J., Hennessy, E., Rowell, V., Thomas, S., Wolke, D., et al. (2009). Neurodevelopmental disability through 11 years of age in children born before 26 weeks of gestation. Pediatrics, 124, 249-257.
Jotzo, M. y Poets, C. (2005). Helping parents cope with the trauma of premature birth: An evaluation of a trauma-preventive psychological intervention. Pediatrics, 115, 915-919.
Lantz, B. y Ottosson, C. (2014). Neonatal intensive care practices: Perceptions of parents, professionals, and managers. Advances in Neonatal Care, 14, 1-12.
Lara-Carrasco, J., Simard, V., Saint-Onge, K., Lamoureux-Tremblay, V. y Nielsen, T. (2013). Maternal representations in the dreams of pregnant women: a prospective comparative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 551.
Levy-Shiff, R., Hoffman, M., Mogilner, S., Levinger, S. y Mogilner, M. (1990). Fathers’ hospital visits to their preterm infants as a predictor of father-infant relationship and infant development. Pediatrics, 86, 289.
Lindberg, B., Axelsson, K. y Öhrling, K. (2007). The birth of premature infants: Experiences from the fathers’ perspective. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 13, 142-149.
Marlow, N., Wolke, D., Bracewell, M. y Samara,M. (2005). Neurologic and developmental disability at six years of age after extremely preterm birth. The New England Journal of Medicine, 352, 9-19.
Melnyk, B., Feinstein, N., Alpert-Gillis, L., Fairbanks, E., Crean, H., Sinkin, R., et al. (2006). Reducing premature infants’ length of stay and improving parents’ mental health outcomes with the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) neonatal intensive care unit program: A randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics, 118, 1414-1427.
Mezulis, A., Hyde, J. y Clark, R. (2004). Father involvement moderates the effect of maternal depression during a child’s infancy on child behavior problems in kindergarten. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 575-588.
Minde, K. (2000). Prematurity and serious medical conditions in infancy: Implications for development, behaviour, and intervention. In C.H. Zeanah (a cura di), Handbook of Infant Mental Health (pp. 176-194). New York: Guilford.
Moster, D., Lie, R. y Markestad, T. (2008). Longterm medical and social consequences of preterm birth. New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 262-273.
Mwaniki, M., Atieno, M., Lawn, J. y Newton,C. (2012). Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. The Lancet, 379, 445-452.
Pancer, S., Pratt, M., Hunsberger, B. y Gallant, M. (2000). Thinking ahead: complexity of expectations and transition to parenthood. Journal of Personality, 68, 253-279.
Pohlman, S. (2009). Fathering premature infants and the technological imperative of the neonatal intensive care unit: an interpretive inquiry. Advances in Nursing Science, 32, 1-16.
Ramchandani, P., Domoney, J., Sethna, V., Psychogiou, L., Vlachos, H. y Murray, L. (2013). Do early father-infant interactions predict the onset of externalising behaviours in young children? Findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 54, 56-64.
Ritchie, S. (2002). Primary care of the premature infant discharged from the neonatal intensive care. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 27, 76-85.
Robertson, E., Grace, S., Wallington, T. y Stewart,D. (2004). Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: A synthesis of recent literature. General Hospital Psychiatry, 26, 289-295.
Sethna, V., Murray, L., Netsi, E., Psychogiou, L. y Ramchandani, P. (2015). Paternal depression in the postnatal period and early father–infant. Interactions Parenting, 15, 1-8.
Singh, D. y Newburn, M. (2000). Becoming a father: mens’ access to information and support about pregnancy, birth and life with a new baby. London: The National Childbirth Trust.
Smith, V., Dukhovny, D., Zupancic, J., Gates,H. y Pursley, D. (2012). Neonatal intensive care unit discharge preparedness: Primary care implications. Clinical Pediatrics, 51, 454-461.
Stefana, A. y Lavelli, M. (2016). I padri dei bambini nati pretermine: una risorsa su cui investire. Psicologia Clinica dello Sviluppo, 20(2), 165-188.
Stern, M., Karraker, K., Sopko, A. y NormanS. (2000). The prematurity stereotype revisited: Impact on mothers’ interactions with premature and full-term infants. Infant Mental Health Journal, 21, 495-509.
Talge, N., Holzman, C., Wang, J., Lucia, V., Gardiner, J. y Breslau, N. (2010). Late-preterm birth and its association with cognitive and socioemotional outcomes at 6 years of age. Pediatrics, 126, 1124-1131.
Tambelli, R., Odorisio, F. y Ammaniti, M. (2010). Nella mente del genitore: Un confronto sulle narrazioni materne e paterne in gravidanza. Infanzia e Adolescenza, 9, 123-134.
Tracey, N. (2000). Parents premature infants. London: Whurr.
Treyvaud, K., Inder, T., Lee, K., Northam, E., Doyle, L. y Anderson, P. (2012). Can the home environment promote resilience for children born very preterm in the context of social and medical risk? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112, 326-337.
Winnicott, D. (1958). Through Paediatrics to Psycho Analysis. London: Tavistock Publications.
World Health Organization. (2012). Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. Geneva: WHO Press.
Yogman, M., Kindlon, D. y Earls, F. (1995). Father involvement and cognitive/behavioral outcomes of preterm infants. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 34, 58-66.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2016 PsiqueMag
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Usted es libre de:
- Compartir — copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato
- El licenciador no puede revocar estas libertades mientras cumpla con los términos de la licencia.
Bajo las condiciones siguientes:
-
Reconocimiento — Debe reconocer adecuadamente la autoría, proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se han realizado cambios<. Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de una manera que sugiera que tiene el apoyo del licenciador o lo recibe por el uso que hace.
