Exploring the Antecedents of Employee Green Behaviors: A Conceptual Framework
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18050/rev.espergesia.v10i1.2510Abstract
The emergence of sustainable design has brought attention to the consideration of human behavior in creating environmentally-friendly operations. This study examines the role of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Value-Identity-Personal Norm (VIP) model in shaping employee green behavior (EGB) and explores how green human resource management (GHRM) practices impact EGB. Based on a review of 40 scholarly articles, the study proposes a conceptual model that integrates individual-level constructs from TPB and VIP, and highlights GHRM as an antecedent of EGB at the organizational level, with psychological capital and organizational identity as mediators. The study suggests a multilevel approach to examining EGB, incorporating person-environment interaction, job performance, and motivation theory. Ultimately, the study aims to provide a research agenda that encourages further investigation of the topic.
Keywords: Employee Green Behavior; Green Human Resource Management; Sustainability; Theory of Planned Behavior; Value-Identity-Personal Norm Model.
References
Ababneh, O. M. A. (2021). How do green HRM practices affect employees’ green behaviors? The role of employee engagement and personality attributes. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 64(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1814708
Abashah, A., Samah, I. H. A., Saraih, U. N., Rashid, I. M. A., Ramlan, S. N., & Radzi, W. N. S. W. M. (2018). The impact of attitude and subjective norms towards zakat compliance behavior in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE), 7(3). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17155
Aboramadan, M. (2022). The effect of green HRM on employee green behaviors in higher education: the mediating mechanism of green work engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-05-2020-2190
Adnan, M. (2021). Employee Green Behaviour as a Consequence of Green HRM Practices and Ethical Leadership: The Mediating Role of Green Self Efficacy. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i3.1846
Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020). Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee well-being. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1960
Ajibade, I., & Boateng, G. O. (2021). Predicting why people engage in pro-sustainable behaviors in Portland Oregon: The role of environmental self-identity, personal norm, and socio-demographics. Journal of Environmental Management, 289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112538
Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. 179–221.
Ajzen, I. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology and Health, 26(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
Ajzen, I. (2019). Sample TPB Questionnaire. University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195
Al-Ghazali, B. M., & Afsar, B. (2020). Green human resource management and employees’ green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1987
Alola, U. v., Cop, S., & Tarkang, M. E. (2022). Green training an effective strategy for a cleaner environment: Study on hotel employees. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2489
Ashraf Javid, M., Ali, N., Abdullah, M., Campisi, T., & Shah, S. A. H. (2021). Travelers’ Adoption Behavior towards Electric Vehicles in Lahore, Pakistan: An Extension of Norm Activation Model (NAM) Theory. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7189411
Ateş, H. (2020). Merging Theory of Planned Behavior and Value Identity Personal norm model to explain pro-environmental behaviors. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.006
Balundė, A., Jovarauskaitė, L., & Poškus, M. S. (2019). Exploring the Relationship Between Connectedness With Nature, Environmental Identity, and Environmental Self-Identity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. SAGE Open, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019841925
Bananuka, J., Kasera, M., Najjemba, G. M., Musimenta, D., Ssekiziyivu, B., & Kimuli, S. N. L. (2020). Attitude: mediator of subjective norm, religiosity and intention to adopt Islamic banking. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-02-2018-0025
Barbera, F. la, & Ajzen, I. (2020). Control interactions in the theory of planned behavior: Rethinking the role of subjective norm. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.2056
Barney, J. B., Ketchen, D. J., & Wright, M. (2021). Resource-Based Theory and the Value Creation Framework. Journal of Management, 47(7). https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063211021655
Bebbington, J., & Unerman, J. (2018). Achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: An enabling role for accounting research. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-05-2017-2929
Bockorny, K., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2019). Entrepreneurs’ courage, psychological capital, and life satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00789
Bombiak, E. (2019). Green human resource management- the latest trend or strategic necessity? Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(7)
Cai, Y. J., & Choi, T. M. (2020). A United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals perspective for sustainable textile and apparel supply chain management. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102010
Carmona-Moreno, E., Céspedes-Lorente, J., & Martinez-del-Rio, J. (2012). Environmental human resource management and competitive advantage. Management Research, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/1536-541211251607
Chen-Cheng, C. (2019). On the factors influencing Taiwanese investors’ purchase of green funds with environmental responsibility as the moderator variable. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 11(4).
Cooke, F. L., Schuler, R., & Varma, A. (2020). Human resource management research and practice in Asia: Past, present and future. Human Resource Management Review, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100778
Costanza, R., D’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. v., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1997). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387(6630). https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0
Costanza, R., d’Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, S., Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O’Neill, R. v., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., & van den Belt, M. (1998). The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Ecological Economics, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(98)00020-2
Davis, M. C., Unsworth, K. L., Russell, S. v., & Galvan, J. J. (2020). Can green behaviors really be increased for all employees? Trade-offs for “deep greens” in a goal-oriented green human resource management intervention. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2367
de Groot, J. I. M., Bondy, K., & Schuitema, G. (2021). Listen to others or yourself? The role of personal norms on the effectiveness of social norm interventions to change pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101688
Delle, E. M. (2016). Utilizing the theory of planned behavior in predicting employee green behavior. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Dewanti, P. W., Purnama, I. A., Sukirno, & Parthasarathy, K. (2021). Subjective norms and academic dishonesty: A decision tree algorithm analysis. International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30630/joiv.5.1.423
Doran, R., & Larsen, S. (2016). The Relative Importance of Social and Personal Norms in Explaining Intentions to Choose Eco-Friendly Travel Options. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2042
Dulaimi, M., & Hartmann, A. (2006). The role of organizational culture in motivating innovative behaviour in construction firms. Construction Innovation, 6(3), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1108/14714170610710712
Ehnert, I., Parsa, S., Roper, I., Wagner, M., & Muller-Camen, M. (2016). Reporting on sustainability and HRM: a comparative study of sustainability reporting practices by the world’s largest companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1024157
Fawehinmi, O., Yusliza, M. Y., Mohamad, Z., Noor Faezah, J., & Muhammad, Z. (2020). Assessing the green behaviour of academics: The role of green human resource management and environmental knowledge. International Journal of Manpower, 41(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2019-0347
Fawehinmi, O., Yusliza, M. Y., Wan Kasim, W. Z., Mohamad, Z., & Sofian Abdul Halim, M. A. (2020). Exploring the Interplay of Green Human Resource Management, Employee Green Behavior, and Personal Moral Norms. SAGE Open, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020982292
Frederick, H. H. (2018). The emergence of biosphere entrepreneurship: Are social and business entrepreneurship obsolete? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 34(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2018.092785
Fries, A., Kammerlander, N., & Leitterstorf, M. (2021). Leadership Styles and Leadership Behaviors in Family Firms: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2020.100374
Fritz, S., See, L., Carlson, T., Haklay, M. (Muki), Oliver, J. L., Fraisl, D., Mondardini, R., Brocklehurst, M., Shanley, L. A., Schade, S., Wehn, U., Abrate, T., Anstee, J., Arnold, S., Billot, M., Campbell, J., Espey, J., Gold, M., Hager, G., … West, S. (2019). Citizen science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0390-3
Gao, Q., Wu, C., Wang, L., & Zhao, X. (2020). The Entrepreneur’s Psychological Capital, Creative Innovation Behavior, and Enterprise Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01651
Gil-Giménez, D., Rolo-González, G., Suárez, E., & Muinos, G. (2021). The influence of environmental self-identity on the relationship between consumer identities and frugal behavior. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179664
Grębosz-Krawczyk, M., Zakrzewska-Bielawska, A., & Flaszewska, S. (2021). From words to deeds: The impact of pro-environmental self-identity on green energy purchase intention. Energies, 14(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185732
Grözinger, A. C., Wolff, S., Ruf, P. J., & Moog, P. (2022). The power of shared positivity: organizational psychological capital and firm performance during exogenous crises. Small Business Economics, 58(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00506-4
Hallin, A., Karrbom-Gustavsson, T., & Dobers, P. (2021). Transition towards and of sustainability—Understanding sustainability as performative. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2726
Ham, M., Jeger, M., & Ivković, A. F. (2015). The role of subjective norms in forming the intention to purchase green food. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2015.1083875
Henao, R., Sarache, W., & Gómez, I. (2019). Lean manufacturing and sustainable performance: Trends and future challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.116
Herrera, J., & de las Heras-Rosas, C. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and human resource management: Towards sustainable business organizations. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030841
Husain, F., Shahnawaz, M. G., Khan, N. H., Parveen, H., & Savani, K. (2021). Intention to get COVID-19 vaccines: Exploring the role of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, belief in COVID-19 misinformation, and vaccine confidence in Northern India. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2021.1967039
Intertwining Corporate Social Responsibility, Employee Green Behavior, and Environmental Sustainability: The Mediation Effect of Organizational Trust and Organizational Identity. (2021). Economics, Management, and Financial Markets, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.22381/emfm16220212
Kamalanon, P., Chen, J. S., & Le, T. T. Y. (2022). “Why do We Buy Green Products?” An Extended Theory of the Planned Behavior Model for Green Product Purchase Behavior. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020689
Kim, J.-H. (2018). Effects of Team Leadership Behavior of SME Organization on Teamwork and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 8(2).
Kim, S. H., & Seock, Y. K. (2019). The roles of values and social norm on personal norms and pro-environmentally friendly apparel product purchasing behavior: The mediating role of personal norms. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.023
Kim, Y. J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H. M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.007
Kraus, F., Merlin, C., & Job, H. (2014). Biosphere Reserves and their contribution to sustainable development: A value-chain analysis in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve, Germany. Zeitschrift Fur Wirtschaftsgeographie, 58(2–3).
Kutty, A. A., Abdella, G. M., Kucukvar, M., Onat, N. C., & Bulu, M. (2020). A system thinking approach for harmonizing smart and sustainable city initiatives with United Nations sustainable development goals. Sustainable Development, 28(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2088
Lai, X., Huang, Y., Gu, H., Deng, C., Han, X., Feng, X., & Zheng, Y. (2021). Turning waste into wealth: A systematic review on echelon utilization and material recycling of retired lithium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Materials, 40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2021.05.010
Laub, J. A. (1999a). Assessing the servant organization; Development of the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) model. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60(2).
Laub, J. A. (1999b). Assessing the servant organization; Development of the Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) model. Dissertation Abstracts International. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(2).
Lei, H., Leaungkhamma, L., & Le, P. B. (2020). How transformational leadership facilitates innovation capability: the mediating role of employees’ psychological capital. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2019-0245
Liao, S. hsien, Fei, W. C., & Liu, C. T. (2008). Relationships between knowledge inertia, organizational learning and organization innovation. Technovation, 28(4), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.11.005
Lu, H., Liu, X., Chen, H., & Long, R. (2019). Employee–Organization Pro-environmental Values Fit and Pro-environmental Behavior: The Role of Supervisors’ Personal Values. Science and Engineering Ethics, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-017-0007-z
Luna-Nemecio, J., Tobón, S., & Juárez-Hernández, L. G. (2020). Sustainability-based on socioformation and complex thought or sustainable social development. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2020.100007
Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2017). Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113324
Maguire, B. (2016). The Value-Based Theory of Reasons. Ergo, an Open Access Journal of Philosophy, 3(20201214). https://doi.org/10.3998/ergo.12405314.0003.009
Molina-Azorin, J. F., López-Gamero, M. D., Tarí, J. J., Pereira-Moliner, J., & Pertusa-Ortega, E. M. (2021). Environmental management, human resource management and green human resource management: A literature review. Administrative Sciences, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ADMSCI11020048
Moshi, F. v., Kibusi, S. M., & Fabian, F. (2020). Exploring factors influencing pregnant Women’s attitudes, perceived subjective norms and perceived behavior control towards male involvement in maternal services utilization: a baseline findings from a community based interventional study from Rukwa, rural Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03321-z
Mousa, S. K., & Othman, M. (2020). The impact of green human resource management practices on sustainable performance in healthcare organisations: A conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118595
Muñoz-Pascual, L., Curado, C., & Galende, J. (2019). The triple bottom line on sustainable product innovation performance in SMEs: A mixed methods approach. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061689
Nguyen, H. M., & Ngo, T. T. (2020). Psychological capital, organizational commitment and job performance: A case in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO5.269
Nguyen, H. N., & Mohamed, S. (2004). Leadership behaviors, organizational culture and knowledge management practices an empirical investigation. Journal of Management Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711111105786
Norton, T. A., Zacher, H., Parker, S. L., & Ashkanasy, N. M. (2017). Bridging the gap between green behavioral intentions and employee green behavior: The role of green psychological climate. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2178
Pazireh, T., Rahimi, G., Irani, F. N., & Bohloul, N. (2019). Model Developement for Establishment of Smart Organizations: Case Study of the Social Security Organization. International Transaction Journal of Engineering Management & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 10(4), 559–565. https://doi.org/10.14456/ITJEMAST.2019.52
Pedrini, M., & Ferri, L. M. (2019). Stakeholder management: a systematic literature review. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2017-0172
Podgorodnichenko, N., Edgar, F., & Akmal, A. (2022). An integrative literature review of the CSR-HRM nexus: Learning from research-practice gaps. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100839
Qasim, H., Yan, L., Guo, R., Saeed, A., & Ashraf, B. N. (2019). The defining role of environmental self-identity among consumption values and behavioral intention to consume organic food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071106
Qi, X., & Ploeger, A. (2021). Explaining chinese consumers’ green food purchase intentions during the covid-19 pandemic: An extended theory of planned behaviour. Foods, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061200
Riza, A. F. (2021). The potential of digital banking to handle the Covid-19 pandemic crisis: Modification of UTAUT model for Islamic finance industry. Jurnal Ekonomi & Keuangan Islam, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.20885/jeki.vol7.iss1.art1
Ruiz-Real, J. L., Uribe-Toril, J., Valenciano, J. D. P., & Gázquez-Abad, J. C. (2018). Worldwide research on circular economy and environment: A bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122699
Santos, S. C., & Liguori, E. W. (2020). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome expectations as mediator and subjective norms as moderator. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 26(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2019-0436
Sarvaiya, H., Arrowsmith, J., & Eweje, G. (2021). Exploring HRM involvement in CSR: variation of Ulrich’s HR roles by organisational context. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(21). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1660698
Scarbrough, H. (2003). Knowledge management, HRM and the innovation process. International Journal of Manpower. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720310491053
Schepers, J., & Wetzels, M. (2007). A meta-analysis of the technology acceptance model: Investigating subjective norm and moderation effects. Information and Management, 44(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.10.007
Shin, Y. H., Moon, H., Jung, S. E., & Severt, K. (2017). The effect of environmental values and attitudes on consumer willingness to pay more for organic menus: A value-attitude-behavior approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2017.10.010
Siallagan, H., Rohman, A., Januarti, I., & Din, M. (2017). The effect of professional commitment, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on whistle blowing intention. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(8).
Slater, S. F. (1997). Developing a customer value-based theory of the firm. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02894352
Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A Value-Belief-Norm Theory of Support for Social Movements. Human Ecology Review, 6(2).
Tomczyk, S., Schomerus, G., Stolzenburg, S., Muehlan, H., & Schmidt, S. (2020). Ready, Willing and Able? An Investigation of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in Help-Seeking for a Community Sample with Current Untreated Depressive Symptoms. Prevention Science, 21(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01099-2
Ünal, A. B., Steg, L., & Gorsira, M. (2018). Values Versus Environmental Knowledge as Triggers of a Process of Activation of Personal Norms for Eco-Driving. Environment and Behavior, 50(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517728991
van der Werff, E., & Steg, L. (2016). The psychology of participation and interest in smart energy systems: Comparing the value-belief-norm theory and the value-identity-personal norm model. Energy Research and Social Science, 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.08.022
van der Werff, E., Steg, L., & Keizer, K. (2013). The value of environmental self-identity: The relationship between biospheric values, environmental self-identity and environmental preferences, intentions and behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2012.12.006
van der Werff, E., Steg, L., & Keizer, K. (2014). I Am What I Am, by Looking Past the Present: The Influence of Biospheric Values and Past Behavior on Environmental Self-Identity. Environment and Behavior, 46(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512475209
van der Werff, E., Steg, L., & Ruepert, A. (2021). My company is green, so am I: the relationship between perceived environmental responsibility of organisations and government, environmental self-identity, and pro-environmental behaviours. Energy Efficiency, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-021-09958-9
Wang, X., Zhou, K., & Liu, W. (2018). Value congruence: A study of green transformational leadership and employee green behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01946
Wankel, C. (2021). An examination of the divergent attention to the seventeen SDGs of the United Nations. IBIMA Business Review, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5171/2020.389971
Wardhani, N. W. S., Nugroho, W. H., Fernandes, A. A. R., & Solimun. (2020). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis with warppls approach based on theory of planned behavior (TPB). Mathematics and Statistics, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.13189/ms.2020.080310
Wen, J., Hussain, H., Waheed, J., Ali, W., & Jamil, I. (2022). Pathway toward environmental sustainability: mediating role of corporate social responsibility in green human resource management practices in small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Manpower, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2020-0013
Widjaja, I., Arifin, A. Z., & Setini, M. (2020). The effects of financial literacy and subjective norms on saving behavior. Management Science Letters, 10(15). https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.6.030
Windschnurer, I., Häusler, A., Waiblinger, S., & Coleman, G. J. (2022). Relationships between owner and household characteristics and enrichment and cat behaviour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105562
World Bank. (2021). Indonesia economic Prospects (Boosting the recovery). World Bank Group.
Wu, J., Wu, H. C., Hsieh, C. M., & Ramkissoon, H. (2022). Face consciousness, personal norms, and environmentally responsible behavior of Chinese tourists: Evidence from a lake tourism site. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.01.010
Xiao, M. (2020). Factors Influencing eSports Viewership: An Approach Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Communication and Sport, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479518819482
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2017). Determinants of Consumers’ Green Purchase Behavior in a Developing Nation: Applying and Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Ecological Economics, 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.12.019
Yajid, M. S. A., Shukri, S., & Azam, S. M. F. (2020). The influence of perceived behaviour control, subject norms and attitude on the purchase intention of the customers. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(7).
Yan, J., & Hu, W. (2022). Environmentally specific transformational leadership and green product development performance: the role of a green HRM system. International Journal of Manpower, 43(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2020-0223
Yong, J. Y., Yusliza, M. Y., Ramayah, T., & Fawehinmi, O. (2019). Nexus between green intellectual capital and green human resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.306
Zeiske, N., Venhoeven, L., Steg, L., & van der Werff, E. (2021). The Normative Route to a Sustainable Future: Examining Children’s Environmental Values, Identity and Personal Norms to Conserve Energy. Environment and Behavior, 53(10). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916520950266
Zhang, B., Yang, L., Cheng, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How does employee green behavior impact employee well-being? An empirical analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041669
Zhang, W., Xu, R., Jiang, Y., & Zhang, W. (2021). How environmental knowledge management promotes employee green behavior: An empirical study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094738
Zheng, G. W., Siddik, A. B., Masukujjaman, M., Alam, S. S., & Akter, A. (2021). Perceived environmental responsibilities and green buying behavior: The mediating effect of attitude. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010035
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Venansius Bangun Nuswanto, Aurik Gustomo, Atik Aprianingsih, Hary Febriansyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
