ISSN: 2312-6027 (Impreso) 2410-4558 (En línea) DOI: 10.18050/esp.2014 Espergesia is a scientific journal dedicated to the areas of Social Sciences, Cultural Studies, Literature and Literary Theory, and Arts and Humanities. Our aim is to provide a platform for interdisciplinary research and critical discourse that enriches understanding and fosters innovation in these diverse fields. Registered/Indexed: Sherpa Romeo, DOAJ, MIAR (See more). Edited by: Humanistic Training Program, Universidad César Vallejo.
A Structural, Functional, and Semantic Study of Phraseological Units in the Lyrics of the Cuban Orchestra Los Van Van: Locutions, Paremias, and Routine Formulae
This study aims to analyze the structural, functional, and semantic characteristics of phraseological units (PUs) found in the lyrics of the early albums of the Cuban orchestra Los Van Van. A qualitative analysis was conducted on a corpus of 35 lyrics from the band's first four studio albums (1969-1976). The identification and classification of PUs were based on the criteria of fixedness, idiomaticity, and institutionalization proposed by Corpas (1996), complemented by the functional classification of the Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española (RAE, 2010). A predominance of locutions (verbal, adjectival, adverbial, conjunctive, and interjectional) was identified, along with one paremia and one routine formula. The PUs exhibit varied syntactic structures and fulfill the same syntactic function as the grammatical category they represent. Semantically, it is established that metaphor is the fundamental creative mechanism, generating semantic fields linked to interpersonal relationships, human characteristics, and attitudes. The use of phraseology in Los Van Van's lyrics not only enriches the lyrical text but also acts as a powerful marker of Cuban cultural identity, by creatively integrating colloquial speech and references shared by the community. This analysis provides a linguistic perspective to the study of popular music as a carrier and shaper of the collective imagination.
Copyright (c) 2026 María del Mar Rodríguez Molinet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From quality to excellence? Hermeneutical-critical analysis of the concept of educational quality in the New Mexican School
The objective of this study was to analyze the transformation of the concept of educational quality in Mexico, from the paradigm of standardized measurement to the notion of excellence promoted by the New Mexican School (NEM), in order to understand its foundations, tensions, and implications for academic management and institutional evaluation. Qualitative research of a documentary nature was developed, with a theoretical-argumentative design and hermeneutical-critical orientation, made up of normative documents, international declarations and academic literature on quality, excellence, professional autonomy of teachers, School Technical Councils and institutional self-evaluation. The categorical analysis made it possible to identify continuities, ruptures and gaps in the transition from quality to excellence. According to the results, the standardized quality provided useful information to diagnose gaps and guide educational policy decisions; however, it also reduced the complexity of the school experience to performance indicators. In addition, educational excellence broadened the training horizon towards social justice, inclusion and curricular contextualization, although it showed limits when it did not specify clear mechanisms to assess the progress of learning. Likewise, the professional autonomy of teachers and the School Technical Councils were recognized as relevant conditions, as long as they were articulated with evidence, collegial deliberation and institutional follow-up. It was concluded that the NEM partially exceeded the standardized paradigm, but did not solve the underlying evaluation problem by itself. Institutional self-evaluation emerged as a critical mediation between social justice and evaluative rigor, by allowing educational excellence to demonstrate what improved, for whom it improved, and under what institutional conditions that improvement occurred.
Copyright (c) 2026 Enrique Rentería Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Silence and perversion: literary analysis in three Latin American short stories
This article analyzes how silence operates as an aesthetic and ethical device in three contemporary Latin American short stories written by women: “Los que persiguen tormentas” by Betina González, “Un hombre sin suerte” by Samanta Schweblin, and “Nadie nunca se acostumbra” by Alejandra Costamagna. Drawing on a qualitative, hermeneutic, and comparative approach, the study examines child focalization, narrative ellipsis, the configuration of family bonds, and the emergence of perversity within everyday spaces. It argues that, in these stories, the unsettling does not arise from overtly supernatural events, but from domestic scenes in which the girl protagonists partially perceive what adults conceal, displace, or violate. The findings reveal three modulations of silence: in González, as guilt-ridden contemplation in the face of familial instrumentalization; in Schweblin, as the ambiguous appropriation of a threatening experience; and in Costamagna, as the suspension of an unbearable truth. The article concludes that silence does not function as a mere absence of language, but as a form of meaning-making that intensifies the uncanny, exposes the fragility of adult protection, and turns the child’s gaze into a space of ethical and narrative ambiguity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Arturo Dolores Cerna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Philosophical and Pedagogical Foundations of the New Mexican School in Upper Secondary Education
The New Mexican School represents one of the most significant recent transformations in upper secondary education in Mexico, as it promotes an educational approach grounded in humanistic, critical, community-based, and inclusive principles. This study aimed to interpret the philosophical and pedagogical foundations that underpin this educational model at the upper secondary level. A qualitative, theoretical-documentary study with a hermeneutic-critical orientation was conducted, based on the analysis of academic literature, official documents, and recent contributions on critical humanism, critical thinking, critical pedagogy, social transformation, and inclusive education. The findings show that these five foundations do not operate as isolated categories, but rather as an articulated structure that defines the ethical, formative, political, and community-oriented meaning of the New Mexican School. The study also found that its implementation requires a situated epistemology capable of linking teaching practice to the actual conditions of students, educational communities, and school territories. It concludes that the New Mexican School has a broad philosophical and pedagogical basis; however, its scope will depend on ensuring that its principles do not remain merely normative discourse, but are translated into curricular, methodological, evaluative, and community-based decisions aimed at comprehensive education, educational justice, and social transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dolores Vélez Jiménez, Horacio Muñoz Durán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
University Extension as a Humanist Mediation for Drug-Addiction Prevention
University Extension is one of the substantive functions capable of articulating comprehensive training with the prevention of drug use; however, its humanistic potential is often diluted in informative and moralizing practices. This qualitative, exploratory and theoretical-practical study aimed to characterize the educational work of drug addiction prevention developed by the University Extension at the University of Holguín (Cuba) and to explore the perception of teachers and students about preventive activities, between 2023 and 2025. 16 teachers linked to extension, intentionally selected, and 140 students from first to third year chosen through stratified sampling in the Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics participated. Semi-structured interviews, perception surveys, participant observation, documentary review, focus groups and analysis of creative products were used; The information was processed through thematic content analysis. The preliminary results suggest that students perceive traditional preventive actions as repetitive and insignificant, and that they value listening spaces where prevention emerges from an authentic bond. The analysis made it possible to systematize four humanistic dimensions —dialogic, narrative, community and ethics of care— and two extension devices of our own design: the elective subject "Health and quality of life" and the project "SATURDAY UHo". It is concluded that University Extension can become a humanistic mediation of prevention when it goes beyond the logic of informative talk and is oriented towards listening, dialogue, community and care for others, without substituting clinical, epidemiological or structural policy approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mariuska Quiñones Aguilar, Yamilka Ochoa Leyva, Mariuska Quiñones Aguilar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of Public Policy on the Prevention and Eradication of Violence Against Women in Manabí Province, Ecuador
This study analyzes the impact of the Public Policy for the Prevention and Eradication of Violence against Women in the province of Manabí. It is based on its implementation from the perspective of citizen perceptions, the regulatory framework, and government actions. Using a mixed methodology, surveys were conducted among women in the province, along with interviews with officials and a documentary analysis of current regulations. The results reflect a decrease in the incidence of gender-based violence, with 80% of respondents stating they had not experienced any attacks since the policy's implementation. Furthermore, 90% indicated they were aware of available support services, demonstrating adequate dissemination of care resources. However, challenges persist, such as insufficient coverage in rural areas and the need to strengthen inter-institutional coordination. The documentary analysis confirmed that the public policy has a solid regulatory framework aligned with international treaties and national legislation. However, its implementation still faces obstacles related to the availability of resources and the monitoring of implemented actions. It is concluded that public policy has generated significant progress in raising awareness and preventing gender-based violence in Manabí. However, it is essential to ensure sustainable funding, improve service coverage in rural communities, and strengthen gender-sensitive educational programs to consolidate an effective response and guarantee women's right to a life free from violence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jeniffer Adriana Burgos Barreiro, Andrea Sofía Mendoza Zambrano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence and the Editorial Future in Scientific Publishing: A Narrative Review
Artificial intelligence (AI) is progressively reshaping editorial processes and scientific production, introducing technical transformations and epistemological questions related to authorship, originality, and academic responsibility. The objective of this review was to analyze, through a narrative review of the literature, the transformations generated by AI in editorial processes and scientific production, identifying its contributions to editorial workflow optimization, associated ethical risks, and implications for the sustainability of the academic publishing ecosystem. Methodologically, a narrative review was conducted through searches in Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, SciELO, and other databases, applying predefined eligibility criteria. Following screening and methodological appraisal using AMSTAR-2, twelve studies were selected for narrative-thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that AI has optimized tasks related to writing, peer review, trend analysis, and editorial management. However, risks were also identified, including factual inaccuracies, algorithmic bias, technological dependence, and the redefinition of scientific authorship. A hybrid human–machine interaction model emerged, challenging traditional frameworks of academic legitimacy. The review concluded that AI integration does not replace human judgment but rather transforms the editorial paradigm toward algorithmic governance requiring transparency, ethical regulation, and critical technological literacy. The future of scientific publishing depends on institutional capacity to balance innovation, integrity, and epistemological responsibility within a globalized digital environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lidia Vargas Pancorbo, Pamela Martinez Andunce, Elba Liliana Camacho Reyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Labor Expectations in the Fractal Era and their Intergenerational Tensions
The objective of this article was to examine the structural tensions that arose between the job expectations of the new generations (late Millennials and Generation Z) and the operational needs of contemporary organizations. A qualitative methodology was employed, consisting of 32 interviews with students,graduates, middle managers, and executives from different sectors. The results revealed a profound civilizational mismatch, where the liquid, flexible subjectivities of young people clashed with the solid, hierarchical structures of traditional institutions. This conflict was intensified by the accelerated pace of the current environment, which produced non-linear patterns of labor conflict. Among the main tensions identified were the struggle between flexibility and discipline, the contrast between the accelerated growth sought by young people and the slow structures of organizations, and the disconnection between university education and the required meta-competencies. Furthermore, it was observed that emotional health, digital literacy, and epistemic justice played a central role in the sustainability of youth employment. In conclusion, it was determined that young talent constituted an early signal of the future of work, and organizations that adopted adaptive and dialogical models were better prepared to prosper in highly uncertain environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Elena Alarcón Aragón, Iborra Cuéllar Iborra Cuéllar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Occupational Accidents and Production Levels in the Technical Areas of Drinking Water and Sewerage Companies in Manabí-Ecuador
The objective was to assess the relationship between the frequency and types of occupational accidents and production levels, as well as to identify the main associated risk factors. The research followed a quantitative approach with a descriptive–correlational design. Data were collected through structured surveys administered to departmental heads of occupational safety and health in public companies within the sector, and the information obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed that falls (35%), impacts with objects (28%), and exposure to hazardous substances (22%) were the most frequent types of accidents. An inverse relationship was also identified between accident frequency and production levels, with a higher number of incidents being associated with a significant decrease in productivity. Organizational factors such as peak activity periods, workload, and insufficient safety training were identified as key determinants in the occurrence of accidents. It was concluded that the implementation of preventive measures, continuous training, and the strengthening of occupational safety and health management contributed to a reduction in occupational accidents and an increase in production levels. This study provides relevant empirical evidence to support decision-making aimed at improving workplace safety and operational efficiency in companies within the sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valeria Stefania Cedeño Vélez, Roberto Orlando Bello Parra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Neo-Kantianism in the philosophical thought of José del Perojo y Figueras in second half of the 19th century
The aim of this study was to analyze the particularities of the Neo-Kantian thought of José del Perojo y Figueras (1850-1908), distinguishing its hermeneutic-theoretical dimension from its regenerationist projection in Spanish politics and pedagogy. From a qualitative approach, a critical-interpretive analysis of his main works was carried out to reconstruct his system of thought. This analysis identified a dual aspect to his Neo-Kantianism: first, hermeneutic critique, which seeks to ground philosophy in science and psychology, rejecting post-Kantian speculative idealism; and second, a regenerationist project that applied Neo-Kantian principles to the modernization of Spain, its colonial policy, and a national pedagogy. It was concluded that José del Perojo articulated a unique Neo-Kantianism that served as a link between German critical theory and the socio-political problems of Restoration Spain. Although little studied, his work represents a remarkable case of reception and transformation of critical idealism in the Hispanic American context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Keisy Rodríguez Álvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Innovation for Local Development in Rural Territories: Addressing Population Ageing through Community-Based Experience
The creation of the College of Sages in the Uvero Popular Council, Santiago de Cuba (Cuba), constituted a social innovation oriented toward local development, aligned with the conception of the Government Management System based on science and innovation, and facilitated the inclusion of older adults who were no longer formally employed but remained highly cognitively active. The objective of the study was to explain the nature of the College of Sages, its foundations, intentions, and perspectives within a specific local context. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive sequential design with an ethnographic approach, structured in three phases: (i) a conceptual approach and initial diagnostic assessment of the Uvero Popular Council; (ii) determination of the sample and development of research instruments; and (iii) analysis and interpretation of the results. The findings showed that the establishment and operation of the College of Sages provided an innovative approach to the creation of a more dynamic governance ecosystem, in which knowledge acted as a lever for development. In addition, the College of Sages was found to have consolidated itself as a bridge between the community and institutions, becoming an effective tool for local development. The experience began to be extended to the municipalities of Songo La Maya, II Frente, and III Frente (all in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba), by fostering social participation and promoting community-based actions.
Rivaflecha Castellanos Rivaflecha Castellanos
Copyright (c) 2025 Elpidio Expósito García, Alicia de la Caridad Alicia de la Caridad, Maricela Maricel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Identity and Discursive Characterization of the “Popular Working Subject” in Samuel Feijóo: A Study of Diario abierto and Diarios de viajes montañeses y llaneros
This article analyzes two representative texts of Cuban author Samuel Feijóo’s nonfiction prose: Diario abierto and Diarios de viajes montañeses y llaneros. The main objective is to discursively characterize workers as a popular subject, focusing on their role in shaping Cuban social and cultural identity. The analysis is structured around three key dimensions: physical description, actions and behaviors, and reflections and emotions. The methodology prioritizes textual analysis, complemented by approaches such as discourse analysis, sociology, and critical studies with a social and cultural focus. Through this interdisciplinary lens, the article examines how workers are portrayed as a resilient collective subject, bearers of memory and dignity, within the context of prerevolutionary Cuba. The theoretical framework draws on contributions from Díaz (2019), Pinedo (2020), Ovalle (2021), y Caplan (2022), among others. In conclusion, the study underscores the relevance of Feijóo’s nonfiction prose in understanding the construction of an inclusive national identity, in which workers—traditionally marginalized—emerge as humble and anonymous heroes, essential figures within the Cuban people. Furthermore, the texts contribute to the generalization of a Cuban subject who embodies the values, experiences, and tensions inherent to the country’s social and cultural identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yaima Bermúdez Padrón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Sleep Quality and Academic Stress among Law Students at a Private University in Trujillo, Peru
Introduction: Sleep quality and academic stress are relevant variables in university mental health due to their impact on well-being and academic performance. Although several studies report an association between these constructs, findings remain inconclusive across different contexts and academic disciplines. Objective: To determine the correlation between sleep quality and academic stress among law students at a private university in Trujillo, Peru, 2025. Methodology: A basic, quantitative study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design was conducted. The sample consisted of 51 students selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and academic stress was measured with the SISCO SV-21 Inventory. Descriptive analyses included frequencies and percentages. Normality was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (p < .05); therefore, Spearman’s rho was applied for correlational analysis (α = .05). Results: Moderate levels of sleep quality (50.0%) and academic stress (46.4%) predominated. The overall correlation was low, positive, and not statistically significant (ρ = 0.223; p = 0.116). Significant associations were identified between sleep quality and stress symptoms (ρ = 0.296; p = 0.035), and between daytime dysfunction and overall academic stress (ρ = 0.500; p < 0.001). Conclusions: No significant overall correlation was found; however, associations emerged at the dimensional level, particularly in symptomatic and functional components.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jhonatan Jair Quiñones Lozada, Gianela Belen Aredo Benites, Valeria Nicole Flores Vega, Jeanpiero Adrian Guarniz Vigo, Jennifer Anai Llanos Moreno, Lara Malca Doris Donatila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impact of cognitive impairment on the processing of discourse particles: an experimental study in patients with sickle cell disease
This study explored how cognitive impairment associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) affects the processing of utterances with discourse particles, specifically 'por ello' and 'incluso'. Through an eye-tracking reading task, processing parameters were analyzed in young adults with SCD. Results indicated that discourse particles, which normally facilitate discourse comprehension, do not have the same effect in individuals with SCD. In particular, a significant increase in reading times and greater variability in fixation patterns were observed in this group. These findings suggest that cognitive impairment may alter the effectiveness of these particles in regulating cognitive effort. Despite the observed differences, discourse marking principles are not completely invalidated, although their manifestation is less efficient. Thus, this work provides evidence on how SCD as a neurocognitive condition affects the processing of discourse markers and pragmatic efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2024 Linier E. Escobar Samaniego https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership, Innovation, and Profitability as Key Strategies to Enhance Digital Marketing: The Real Estate Sector in Ecuador
This study employed a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected through surveys (n = 45), while qualitative data were obtained via semi-structured interviews, analyzed through inferential statistics and inductive content analysis. Quantitative findings revealed significant associations between leadership and profitability (ρ = .35, p = .019), as well as between digital marketing and economic performance (rs = .45, p = .002). Leadership demonstrated consistent effects in quantile regression, with β = 1.00 (p < .001) at the 25th quantile and β = 0.667 (p < .05) at the 50th quantile. In contrast, technological innovation did not show statistical significance (β = –0.03, p = .581), although its effect was marginal in the lower ranges of profitability. From the qualitative perspective, participants described a context of digital transition, where inspirational leadership fosters the use of platforms. The study concludes that limitations in training and automation remain.
Copyright (c) 2024 Kevin Orlando Iza Ortega, Kassery Nicole Arias Benavides, Carlos Joel Viteri Escobar, Martha Jaroslava Guerrero Carrasco, Carlos Bolívar Sarmiento Chugcho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Economic Changes in the City of Quevedo, Ecuador: A Community Participation–Based Perspective
This study analyzes economic changes in the city of Quevedo from a perspective grounded in community participation. The objective of the research was to examine how community participation influences local economic transformations, under the hypothesis that such participation significantly contributes to generating positive changes, including greater social inclusion and employment dynamism. The methodology followed a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. A survey was administered to 100 households in the Quevedo canton, and the data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model to assess the impact of variables such as community participation, area of residence, educational level, number of employed household members, and access to basic services on family income. The results indicate that the number of employed individuals in the household and residence in urban areas are the most significant factors explaining family income. Community participation showed a positive but not statistically significant association in the short term. Educational level had a modest effect. It is concluded that, although the community values participation, its direct economic impact is limited in the short term. Multidimensional public policies are recommended, combining job creation, investment in rural infrastructure, alignment of education with labor market demands, and the strengthening of social capital to promote endogenous and sustainable development.
Copyright (c) 2026 José Luis Rivera Velasco, Kimberlyn Adela Briones Alcívar, Fernando Fabricio Fernández Fernández, Diego Alejandro Tene Buñay https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Acquisition and variation of the affricate palatal phoneme in Panama City: a phonetic-acoustic study in fifth-grade children
This study compiled, organized, and critically analyzed a body of research on the behavior of the tense palatal affricate /t͡ʃ/ in Spanish, especially in the Panamanian variety of Spanish. It was found that the tense palatal affricate /t͡ʃ/ exhibits interesting variations in terms of phonetic context, age group, and geographic distribution as the most notable aspects. In the Panamanian context, the first studies revealed marked differences, ranging from having recorded the affricate /t͡ʃ/ as the only allophone or the sound being clearly evolving into a fricative /ʃ/ to recognizing a process of articulatory lenition. Furthermore, research was conducted on the fricativization of this sound and its realization in American countries, including Panama and parts of Spain. Other concurring conclusions argued for the articulation of both allophones, the affricate /t͡ʃ/ and the fricative /ʃ/, in many Spanish-speaking regions. For example, a study conducted in Puerto Rico documented six different types of realization of this phoneme. The various investigations thus indicated that in the realization of this sound there is a phonetic alternation or variation that has been of interest to many scholars for some time. Therefore, interest was sparked in understanding the most relevant bibliography on this articulation when it comes to configuring its variation according to the variables that condition it.
Copyright (c) 2024 Heidy Macías https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Textual range of linguistic variants in the direct transmission of the nineteenth-century Cuban novel Historia de un bribón dichoso
Quite a few philologists have warned about the alteration of modern texts during their transmission, despite these materials being fixed and legitimized by print. Given that contemporary society relies substantially on its written testimonies, this constitutes a matter of significant interest for the preservation of peoples' cultures. However, such variations are often attributed to normative language updates, stylistic flaws, or minor errata. Within the Cuban context, no studies are known to have investigated alterations in the transmission of national literature, excepting scarce critical editions—almost invariably approached through traditional methods and driven by descriptive rather than pragmatic interests. Addressing this research gap, and as partial outcomes of a broader study, this article aims to describe the textual scope of linguistic variants in the direct transmission of the novel Historia de un bribón dichoso. Employing a mixed-method approach that integrates quantifiable criteria and qualitative interpretation of analytical categories, this descriptive research adopts content analysis methodology. This approach examines both the textual surface and the implicit framework of the deep textual structure to draw valuable inferences. The results reveal significant alterations at multiple levels of the work's textual structure. This study demonstrates that, despite the relative recentness of the regional literary heritage, its transmission history exhibits substantial alterations of scholarly relevance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aliney Santos Gallardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Lexicon Associated with the Description of Slaves in Notarial Records of Central Cuba (1860)
The following paper presents partial results of a study on the lexical associated with the description of slaves in a corpus of notarial protocols belonging to Sagua la Grande (1860), present-day municipality of Villa Clara, Cuba. For this case, a corpus of documents related to matters of freedom and buying and selling will be treated. In the analysis it has been taken into account the use of the methods of the theoretical level: the historical-logical, the analytical-synthetic, the inductive-deductive; of the empirical level: the bibliographical review; and as a technique: document analysis. These are used for the selection and interpretation of data, both in the theoretical materials consulted for reference and in the corpus. The perspective presented contributes to the rescue and interpretation of the Cuban historical and linguistic memory in the second half of the 19th century from the study of foreign and own elements of the lexical repertoire of Cuban Spanish and its analysis in the central zone. In addition, it serves to understand how power relations, property and hierarchy are articulated in this period according to ethnic origin through the language documented in the selected texts. The lexical repertoire analyzed refers to elements such as: physical features, ethnic origin with a predominance of Creole lineage, and conditions under which the link with landowners and lucrative exchange takes place. Its composition, schematic in form and repetitive in discourse, allows to obtain a limited but significant corpus for analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Roxana Peña Olmo, Karen María Martínez Cruz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Locative prepositional system of Spanish spoken by Ngäbere-Spanish bilingual students: theoretical analysis from the morpho-syntactic dimension
The overall objective of this research was to propose a theoretical framework to support the study of language contact, specifically in the locative prepositional system of Spanish spoken by Ngäbere-Spanish bilingual students. The proposed theory addressed the morpho-syntactic dimension of the oral and written language of their second language, which allowed the prepositional system to be characterized. To this end, the phenomenon of language contact was presented in general terms, and a discussion was held with authors devoted to these topics. This dialogue ultimately culminated in the topic of contact linguistics. Some essential concepts for this research were also addressed, such as prepositions, postpositions, written language, oral language, languages ​​in contact, bilingualism, among others. The literature review revealed that the speaker's bilingual status and the social-cognitive component are key drivers of language change in two typologically distinct languages: Spanish and Ngäbere. Finally, the theoretical approach for the study of this topic in Panama was updated and some linguistic phenomena present in these two languages ​​in contact were predicted.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diameya del C. Domínguez Córdoba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The moralizing discourse of Justo Arosemena through the catechism
The article presented the bibliographical documentation used as the basis for the doctoral research entitled Justo Arosemena, Discourse and Identity: A Linguistic Study. The study included, among other documents, an analysis of the catechism-type work Principles of Political Morality Written in a Catechism by Panamanian lawyer and politician Justo Arosemena, a work that we analyze in this article. Arosemena stood out during the 19th century for his role in the quest for independence and the construction of the Panamanian nation. The article was structured in three parts: the first offered a historical documentary compilation to provide a preliminary context for the 19th century in the Isthmus of Panama; the second presented a bibliographic review of the theory used, followed by the literature of the documents analyzed, which facilitated the inquiry and deepening of the study. The third part included the conclusion and bibliography. The methodology used was based on a linguistic corpus that was codified to facilitate the study. The value of the article lay in the fact that it is the first time that a critical discourse analysis has been carried out using the technique of compiling a vast corpus of selected writings by Justo Arosemena, utilizing linguistic strategies, which allowed for an in-depth assessment of the production chosen for study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rosalina Rosalba Romero Colmenares https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assessment of Disambiguation in Translation: Indicators for an Efficient Professional Performance
Lexical-semantic ambiguity caused by false cognates represented a common obstacle in translator training, affecting the accuracy and clarity of the translated text. This study aimed to establish evaluation indicators to assess translational performance in resolving this phenomenon. A qualitative approach was adopted, applying the holistic-dialectical method, complemented by analysis-synthesis. A linguo-didactic model was developed, integrating linguistic, cognitive, and didactic-evaluative dimensions. Based on this model, the stages of the translational process, performance descriptors, and evaluative indicators were defined, grounded in the levels of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, adapted to the translation context. The findings identified two levels of translational competence (basic and independent), linked to the student’s ability to identify, analyze, and disambiguate false cognates. The proposed indicators reflected clear, measurable, and applicable criteria, enhancing formative assessment. It was concluded that the incorporation of these indicators strengthened the teaching-learning process in translation by improving the quality of the translated text, fostering critical self-reflection, and ensuring a more rigorous training aligned with the professional demands of the translation field.
Copyright (c) 2025 Clara Alina Escalona Falcón, Adrian Abreus González, Yaritza Tardo Fernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cuban Fictional Cinema of the 1990s: The End of Absolute State Control over Film Production
During the 1990s, Cuban fictional cinema underwent a profound process of transformation, shaped by the crisis of the socialist model and the onset of the Special Period. This context significantly affected national audiovisual production, weakening the absolute control previously exercised by the State over the film industry through the Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry (ICAIC). The main objective of this study was to analyze how this structural shift impacted production dynamics, thematic approaches, and the relationship between cinema, history, and national identity in fictional films produced during that period. A qualitative, interpretive methodology was employed, based on the textual analysis of eight representative films from the decade, complemented by a documentary review of specialized academic sources. The study was grounded in cultural studies, representation theory, and postcolonial approaches. The findings revealed that, in response to the crisis, filmmakers turned to coproductions, self-financing, and digital technologies. These strategies fostered greater creative autonomy and the emergence of narratives that broke away from traditional revolutionary rhetoric. As a result, filmmakers explored previously underrepresented themes such as migration, sexual orientation, social and institutional criticism, as well as spirituality and tolerance. The study concluded that the 1990s marked the beginning of the end of the State’s monopoly over fictional cinema in Cuba, giving rise to a more pluralistic, critical, and aesthetically renewed audiovisual landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ernesto Santiesteban Leyva, Mariuska Quiñones Aguilar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Internal Communication in the Management of a Cuban Hotel Facility
Internal communication represents a strategic asset in hotel organizational management. However, its institutionalization remains an unresolved challenge in many Cuban entities. The objective of this study was to comprehensively diagnose the state of internal communication at the Club Amigo Atlántico Guardalavaca Hotel, aiming to identify its structural weaknesses, human potential, and propose action lines aligned with a strategic management approach. Methodologically, this was a descriptive study with a mixed-methods design, applied to a stratified probabilistic sample of 169 employees. Techniques included document analysis, non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, a communication review test, and surveys validated by five subject-matter experts. The instrument encompassed indicators such as flows, channels, functions, structures, organizational culture, and climate. Key findings revealed a strong preference for oral and face-to-face channels, such as morning briefings (63.9%), meetings (62.7%), and union assemblies (60.9%). Professionalism (88.2%), responsibility (82.4%), and sense of belonging (79.9%) emerged as dominant values. The absence of a formal communication advisory unit and the omission of communication processes from the organizational process map were also identified. It was concluded that internal communication is currently managed through a fragmented, top-down approach. Institutionalizing communication as a strategic axis is essential to build a participatory, resilient, and goal-oriented organizational culture; thus, a strategic restructuring that integrates culture, leadership, and communication is proposed.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mónica Lizt Góngora Ruíz, Francisco Javier Varona Silva, Nolberto Cruz Aguilera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital literacy and ethics in the use of generative artificial intelligence: student perceptions and academic challenges in a Mexican university
Introduction: This study explored university students' perceptions of the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence and the digital and ethical competencies required in response to the excessive use of this tool, which poses educational challenges. Methods: This paper employed a qualitative methodology based on hermeneutics, analyzing 58 texts written by undergraduate students (17 men and 41 women). The methodological validation was grounded in the objective hermeneutics model, which includes theoretical-empirical validation, levels of validation, and criteria for contextual applicability. Results: Students expressed concern about the loss of research skills, particularly critical thinking, source evaluation, and, most notably, the ethical management of digital technologies to prevent plagiarism and foster meaningful learning. They acknowledged the need for digital literacy that goes beyond technical skills, emphasizing the importance of incorporating digital literacy into the university curriculum to promote intellectual virtues such as curiosity and critical thinking. They also highlighted the need for clear institutional policies to regulate the use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education settings, with the aim of enhancing meaningful learning. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence from a humanistic perspective, contributing to the development of educational strategies and public policies that address the challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence in university contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrés Ocádiz Amador, Manuel Alejandro Gutiérrez González https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Cooperation and Its Influence on Solidarity toward Mothers of Children with Autism
Mothers of children with autism face challenges in their daily lives that are invisible and need support; cooperation is presented as fundamental in strengthening solidarity towards these mothers; therefore, it is essential to give visibility to their experiences, given their care work. The general objective was to determine cooperation and its impact on solidarity with mothers of children with autism in the multisensory room of the Manta canton 2023-24. A qualitative approach was applied, with a Hermeneutical Phenomenological design, based on the theory of Cooperation, using techniques such as participant observation, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The type of sample was voluntary participation, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 14 mothers who attend the Multisensory Room. The results determined that through inter-institutional cooperation, the operation of the Multisensory Room can be optimized, although some challenges remain; Support networks have limitations and need more awareness, while reciprocity between mothers helps in the care of children, but formal spaces are necessary. It is concluded that is cooperation between institutions, mothers and families has an essential role in supporting children with autism and their caregivers, but even so it is necessary to continue working on the inequality, availability and quality of each of these services.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eliana Aracely García Mejía, Carmita Leonor Alvarez Santana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perceptions of Violence in Universities: Contextual Panoramas
This paper aimed to present some theoretical-methodological reflections on perceptions of violence in the university context as indicated by the 202 participants enrolled in the III National Seminar and I International Seminar on Education and Culture for Teacher Training, which took place between May 18-28 and June 9, 2021. The data presented come from a survey collected through a questionnaire administered via Google Forms. The discussions were based on the theoretical framework of Critical Theory of Society. Considering ethical concerns, the information disclosed is organized as general data, without identifying individuals. Results indicated that the majority of participants were women; among those who self-identified as belonging to a social minority, the categories include: non-white women, immigrants, poor individuals, and residents of peripheral areas. Participants stated that they had witnessed or experienced violence within the university, often due to their minority status. The reported forms of violence included racism (22%), homophobia (18%), sexism (11%), age-related violence (11%), economic violence (10%), xenophobia (9%), violence against people with disabilities (7%), lesbophobia (6%), transphobia (3%), social violence (2%), and libophobia (1%).
Copyright (c) 2025 Julyana Sueme Winkler Oshiro Galindo, Christian Muleka Mwewa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Perceptions of the importance of the police among rural youth in Colombia and Panama
Studies on the perceptions of rural youth about the importance of the police represent a relevant milestone for Colombia and Latin America. In this perspective, the present research aims to understand the perceptions of students from Colombia and Panama in relation to the importance of the police from the representation of global thinking. Methodologically, the study is based on an interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach and from the methodology of thematic analysis. The data collected through the “3 Why's” thinking routine from 37 young people from Colombia and 40 from Panama from rural educational institutions were analyzed through matrices and table systems. The results reveal the students' perceptions of the role of the police in the personal, community and social spheres. At the personal level, they refer to security conditions, crime control and citizen protection. At the community level, they refer to social and corporate protection, conflict resolution and community safety. In the social sphere, they refer to law enforcement, risk management, safe justice and corruption. These perceptions depend on the experiences and aspirations of young people, according to the contexts from which they interact. It is concluded that the voices of rural youth contribute to the reconfiguration of the positive relationship between the police and the community in the search for understanding and citizen cooperation, which constitutes a great advance in the recognition of this population group as social actors in their territories.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Eduardo Cifuentes Garzón, Fredy Salcedo León, Victoriano Rodríguez Otero https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Salt Consumption Behavior in the Province of El Oro, Ecuador: Market and Industry Implications
The main objective of this study was to analyze consumer behavior regarding salt in the province of El Oro, Ecuador, in order to understand consumer preferences, needs, and the factors influencing their purchasing decisions. Methodology: A quantitative approach was employed, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. Structured surveys were administered to a representative sample of 282 families residing in the city of Machala, using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques through SPSS software. Results: A total of 97% of the families reported purchasing salt for daily consumption, with common table salt being the most frequently used (81.9%). Most respondents purchased salt on a monthly basis (60.64%), prioritizing price (52.4%) and brand (34.0%) in their purchase decisions. A growing concern about sodium content was observed, with 67.02% of participants believing that salt intake negatively affects their family’s health. However, 57.45% expressed dissatisfaction with the current options available on the market. Conclusions: Salt consumption behavior was primarily influenced by economic, health, and branding factors. While price and accessibility were key determinants, there was a noticeable trend toward seeking products with reduced sodium content. The findings highlight the need for market strategies promoting healthier salt alternatives and public awareness campaigns about the health risks associated with excessive salt consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Guido Sotomayor-Pereira, Martha Jaroslava Guerrero Carrasco, Alexandra Mónica Solórzano González, Carlos Bolívar Sarmiento Chugcho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Women's Right to Participation in Cases of Political Violence in Ecuador
Introduction: This study explored the state of women's political participation rights in Ecuador, focusing on gender-based political violence and the barriers hindering the effective exercise of these rights in the political sphere. Objective: To analyze the obstacles and progress in implementing Ecuadorian women's political rights, considering the impact of gender-based political violence and recent legislative reforms. Methodology: This research adopts a qualitative and theoretical approach through an analysis of the country's legal framework, including the Democracy Code and its 2009 and 2020 amendments, as well as the study of relevant judicial cases resolved by the Electoral Disputes Tribunal (TCE), which illustrate the application of sanctions and restorative measures in contexts of gender-based political violence. Results: The analysis revealed that, while legal reforms represent progress toward equity in political participation, a significant gap remains between legislation and its effective implementation. Despite judicial precedents set by the TCE in support of victims of political violence, the lack of visibility and public awareness limits the reach of these measures. Conclusions: Although Ecuador has made strides in legislating women’s political rights, challenges in implementation persist. Gender-based political violence continues to undermine equity in participation, highlighting the need for greater visibility and public awareness to ensure women’s political rights are fully exercised in a democratic framework.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ana Jessenia Arteaga Moreira, Giannella Anahí Gorozabel Bailón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0