Peruvian caste doctors between bourbon reformism and independence

Abstract

In this work we will make it known that not all African mulattos, zambos, or descendants were excluded from colonial social life. They participated in society through the exercise of the arts of medicine, providing their services to heal both indigent people in the hospitals of San Bartolomé and San Andrés, and in private consultations with the ruling elite. They also established themselves as surgeons in the army during the anti-revolutionary campaigns of the late 18th century and were among the first to make their anatomical observations known by writing in the prestigious Peruvian Mercury of the Lovers of the Country Society.