El comportamiento de los padres como factor de riesgo de los trastornos alimentarios: Desarrollo de un Instrumento de Medida
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18050/psiquemag.v14i2.3561Palabras clave:
Trastornos alimentarios, Factor de riesgo, Evaluación psicométrica, Imagen corporal, AdolescentesResumen
Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son enfermedades complejas en las que influyen factores psicológicos, biológicos y socioculturales, y la influencia de los padres desempeña un papel clave en su aparición y mantenimiento. Sin embargo, no existen instrumentos específicos que evalúen cómo las conductas parentales pueden actuar como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de los TCA. El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y validar un instrumento para medir estas conductas desde la perspectiva de los adolescentes. Se realizó un estudio instrumental con una muestra de 300 estudiantes de secundaria a los que se administró la versión inicial del instrumento. La validez de contenido se evaluó mediante la V de Aiken, que permitió seleccionar 14 ítems con adecuada coherencia, representatividad y claridad. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE) y análisis gráficos exploratorios (EGA) para determinar la estructura del instrumento. Los resultados indicaron un modelo unidimensional con cargas factoriales superiores a 0,50 para cada ítem. Se alcanzó una fiabilidad adecuada (α = .90; ω = .90) y una estabilidad del 100% en el remuestreo de redes. Estos resultados confirman que el instrumento es válido y fiable para evaluar la influencia de los padres en los TCA. Su aplicación puede contribuir a la detección precoz de factores de riesgo y facilitar el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención e intervención en contextos clínicos y educativos.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Lorena Y. Gamarra-Tafur, José A. Faria-Romero, Davi L. Reyes-Cariapaza, Daniel E. Yupanqui-Lorenzo, Joel Figueroa-Quiñones
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