Democracy and Citizen Participation: Typology and Mechanisms for Implementation

Abstract

The Citizenship participation is naturally linked to democracy because this is the only form of government that is based on dialogue and permanent interaction between citizens and State affairs. This paper reviews the literature on democracy models and the types of citizenship participation that manifests itself in each one of them. The objective is to identify and characterize the different mechanisms and their emphases, which allow materializing the incorporation of citizen participation in public management. The main contribution of this review of the state of the art is to synthesize the theoretical discussion and build a typology on levels and mechanisms of citizen participation and the elements for its effectiveness in relation to the public administration, in such a way that it is transformed into an article that contributes both to the theoretical discussion and to the very practice of the mechanisms of participation in public management. The methodology used was the analysis and qualitative review of the scientific literature on the subject.