Risk factors of severe preeclampsia in pregnant women in the center of health contamination, Cajamarca, 2010-2014

Abstract

This research aimed to determine the risk factors of severe preeclampsia in pregnant at the Centro de Salud Contumazá – Cajamarca, during the years 2010 to 2014. An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study of cases and controls was conducted. The sample population was divided into 40 cases with a severe preeclampsia diagnosis, and 80 controls without a severe preeclampsia diagnosis. The technique used was documents, records, materials and artifacts of medical records, the instrument was the registration form of semistructured data. The data were processed in IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. The association of factors with the problem under study was determined by the Chi square test with its reliability index (RI) of 95%. Then, the risk with the Odds Ratio (OR) and confidence interval of 95% were determined. Of the factors considered were significant (p <0.05) and risk (OR> 1): age <18 or ≥35 years (p=0.020 <0.05, OR: 2.5), educational level: complete primary or lower (p=0.000108<0.01,OR:5.0), nuliparity (p=0.027<0.05; OR:2.4), inadequate prenatal care (p=0.0000000<0.01; OR:10.5), overweight/obesity (p=0.004<0.01,OR:3.2), personal history of preeclampsia/eclampsia (p=0.001<0.01,OR:5,3) and the family history of preeclampsia/eclampsia (p = 0.010 <0.05; OR:6.9).